First Mexican Empire and the Plan of Casa Mata

After independence was consummated, Agustín de Iturbide, commander of the Army of the Three Guarantees, was proclaimed emperor in 1822 as Agustín I. He was the first emperor of independent Mexico.

His rule was short: he dissolved Congress, and on February 1, 1823, Antonio López de Santa Anna, Guadalupe Victoria and other military leaders proclaimed the Plan of Casa Mata, which refused to recognize Iturbide and his empire and sought to restore Congress. Iturbide abdicated in March 1823, and in 1824 Mexico became a federal republic.